SPC heat pipes – HVR Feature October 2005 – Industrial Space
Heating
Warm air curtains are vital where external doors need to
remain closed during the heating season, but with high
pedestrian or goods traffic, or an “open door” policy to
increased business, the doors must remain open.
Energy losses can be substantial in such areas with no
air curtain. An Airdor® warm air curtain effectively
reduces energy loss by up to 80%, whilst minimizing
temperature fluctuations and providing immediate comfort
warmth on entry. Airdors® complement the heating system
already in operation. Added advantages include
prevention of ingress of traffic fumes or insects,
pollen or dust which makes a more pleasant and safe
working environment for the building occupants .
A correctly specified Airdor® breaks the natural
convection air currents through an open door, thus
reducing the heat loss, whilst reducing the effect of
pressure differentials across the doorway (e.g wind).
The maximum pressure differential for an air curtain is
3 metres or 5 Pascal. It is advantageous to design the
air curtain into the building at design stage, to avoid
complications in positioning, suspension, width
required, etc. It is essential that all factors
affecting the doorway are considered, including normal
pressure load due to temperature difference, any through
draft or tunnel effect, whether a chimney effect exists
and any wind or draught pressure load. Incorrectly
specified air curtains can increase heat loss – the
correct air velocity and volume must be achieved to
ensure maximum benefit is obtained from the air curtain.
Airdors® should be used to keep heat in, so are most
effectively mounted within the heated area. Heated
Airdors® in a cold air intake situation can still feel
cool.
A common mistake is to fit an air curtain which is the
same size as the doorway – however , for maximum
efficiency , the warm air curtain should extend beyond
the width of the door by a minimum of 100mm at each
side. Horizontal Airdors® make no use of floor space and
are suspended from the ceiling or wall – suspension kits
are available to suit all models, in a variety of styles
– or can be concealed in the ceiling, with only grilles
visible, although this is more common in commercial
applications.. Vertical Airdors, on the other hand, are
floor-standing and require no additional fixing systems
, so are easier to retro-fit. Normally vertical units
will have a higher velocity and volume capability, and
may be more energy efficient..
In industrial applications, a variety of solutions are
available, including vertical and horizontal units. A
“combi” version allows the unit to operate
conventionally as a warm air curtain, but also to swivel
and function as apace heater for a given time period,
before returning to it’s air curtain position. Ambient
(unheated) air versions of air curtains are available
for use within chilled areas, such as food and dairy
processing areas, flower storage areas or any other
chilled area where frequent access is a necessity. Such
a curtain permits the removal of the conventional heavy
plastic strips which for many years have been utilized
in such areas, and makes entry and exit much easier for
vehicular and pedestrian traffic.
Inside the building, it is possible to utilise radiant
ceiling panels to provide heating . This can be within a
standard t-bar grid arrangement, where available, or
suspended below the ceiling in a “sail” arrangement.
Because the radiant panels operate using
electro-magnetic radiation, such as we receive everyday
from the sun, it travels in a straight line and warms
the people below, not the air it travels through.
Additional spot heating can be provided over specific
areas if required. Inclined panels can be provided for
“apex” style ceilings, but this requirement should be
made clear at the design stage to allow correct
orientation of the copper tubes which carry the heating
medium.
This method of heating allows full usage of floor space
and avoids any potential damage to wall or floor mounted
units, and provides a “cone effect”, with a small amount
of convection from the panel. The overall effect is a
much more even spread of heating than, for example hot
radiant tubes, which show peak temperature rises
directly below the unit and less effect as you move away
from the unit. The operation is silent and requires no
maintenance once installed. With simple connection by
push on hoses, the installation of radiant panels is
much simpler than other types of radiant system.
SPC’s Thermatile Plus utilizes a patented aluminium
sandwich type material as the main carrier plate, onto
the back of which are mounted aluminium extrusions which
carry the 10mm od copper tubes for the heating medium.
The panel is extremely rigid, but lightweight, and can
be provided with acoustic drilling and lining for rooms
which require improved sound attenuation, such as
conference rooms and the like.
Although normally supplied in a white finish, the panels
can be colour co-ordinated to any RAL colour to match
architecturally designed features, or with textured
finish. Sails, mounted below the ceiling where there is
no suspended t-bar frame, can be straight or shaped,
even curved, and can be joined together to provide a
stylish feature such as in an entrance lobby or a
display showroom. Lighting can be accommodated within
the panel, or suspended from the panel , giving probably
the widest range of options to the heating designer to
match the flair of the architect.
In industrial heating, very often there is no facility
for radiant ceilings to be incorporated, and unit
heaters are considered as an effective way of providing
heat into a large area. Models are available for steam
or hot water; coil selection and motor speeds allow for
a wide variety of different outputs and leaving air
temperatures to suit particular environments and
applications.
The working environment will often determine, or limit,
the choice of unit heater available with acceptable
sound levels, for instance, downstream unit heaters are
inherently noisier, and would normally not be used in
areas such as laboratories, gymnasia, sports halls, etc.
Assembly workshops, light engineering workshops,
engineering machine shops, and heavy engineering
workshops are other normal areas where unit heaters tend
to be favoured, again, noise levels play a part and
should be checked against the selection made.
Mounting heights will also play an important part in the
selection of the correct unit heater, as well as the
heat output required. If ventilation or ducting are
involved, the air volume flow rate and added resistance
of all ductwork, grilles, etc must also be taken into
consideration. Air stream temperature is a key factor in
the effectiveness of the heating installation, since a
leaving air temperature which is too low will cause
draughts and discomfort. Too high will cause patchy
heating, air stratification, high temperature gradients
and high roof heat losses. A suggested leaving air
temperature between 35-52 deg C is normally satisfactory
for a large proportion of installations. The unit heater
should always be sized on the basis of actual entering
air temperature, i.e ambient temperature at heater level
and not on the ambient air temperature desired to be
maintained at the working level.
It is inadvisable to design a system where different
unit heaters give different air stream temperatures in
the same area. Where some units have fresh-air inlets
and others re-circulating air, it is advisable to
minimize the differences between air stream temperatures
by selecting different heat exchangers.
Email:
spc@spcoils.co.uk
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